Signs Your Baby Might Have Torticollis (and How to Help if They Do)

Torticollis, also known as wryneck or twisted neck, is a condition most commonly seen in babies where a shortening or tightness of the neck muscles on one side causes their head to tilt. This makes it difficult for them to turn their head in the opposite direction and can limit flexibility on one side of the body. Torticollis can usually be treated successfully with physical therapy. If left uncorrected, it can cause pain and mobility limitations later in life, so it’s important to speak to a pediatrician or request an early intervention evaluation if you suspect your child may be affected.

Common Signs of Torticollis

While most babies with torticollis are born with it, parents may not notice symptoms until they build up the strength to move their head. Even at 6-8 weeks the signs can be subtle.

If you notice any of the following, please speak with your pediatrician.

• When your baby is sleeping, their neck always faces one way, while their face faces the other way.

• While in a car seat, their head is always tilted to one side.

• When you dress them, they always get fussy when you put one particular arm in their sleeve but not the other.

• When they roll or crawl, they always favor one side.

  
  

What Causes Torticollis?

Torticollis is not a genetic disorder, and is not technically a disorder at all. The majority of torticollis cases are congenital–meaning present at birth. Torticollis may also be acquired later in infancy or childhood as a result of trauma or a wide range of conditions.

Doctors are unsure what exactly causes congenital torticollis, but it’s typically believed to be the baby’s position in the womb. It’s also fairly common, with different studies suggesting it may be present in anywhere from 1 in 250 to 3 in 100 babies.

Risks of Leaving Torticollis Untreated

While torticollis is a mild diagnosis, it can have serious long-term effects if left unaddressed. The good news is that most cases of torticollis can be successfully treated with physical therapy, which is available for free through the early intervention program in Pennsylvania. 

When left untreated, torticollis can delay various developmental milestones. It is very common for children with torticollis to be behind on rolling, sitting, crawling, pulling up to stand, and walking because of the asymmetrical tightness in their neck and down their body. If their neck tilt isn't corrected, it can affect future daily tasks, such as getting dressed and brushing their hair and teeth. They may not be able to lift one arm as high as the other, which can affect their participation in sports and other age appropriate activities, including driving. As adults, they may experience neck and back pain.

Strategies to Help a Baby with Torticollis

Torticollis' impact on a child’s neck is most obvious. But those shortened muscles also affect trunk mobility. A physical therapist will work on improving neck strength and stretching out a baby’s trunk and legs. While you should speak with a doctor if you suspect your child may have torticollis, you don’t need a diagnosis to start stretching your baby. These easy at home strategies can help improve their mobility.

Football Hold Stretch

Holding your baby in this common breastfeeding position even when it’s not mealtime can help them stretch their necks, trunks, and legs. Lay your baby longways over your arm with their head in the crook of your shoulder. Ease them into a long term stretch while they’re content and comfortable. Depending on how severe their torticollis is, this may not be comfortable at first.

Make the Most of Tummy Time

While your baby is laying on your chest, have them track a toy or a loved one so their head moves all the way to the left and all the way to the right. Be sure to start with it clearly in their field of vision. If you have trouble getting their attention, try using a small mirror. 

Practice Neck Movement in All Positions

It may be hard to stretch a super wiggly baby. But no matter whether they’re sitting on your lap, lying down, or on their tummy, you can have them visually track things all the way from their left ear to their right. Newborns often respond best to faces, mirrors, and black and white images. After they’re three months old, their favorite toy may do the trick.

Early Intervention Can Help!

If you recognize any signs of torticollis in your child, they may qualify for free physical therapy through the early intervention program. Early intervention helps children develop the skills they need to thrive throughout their lives, and trains and equips parents to be part of this important process. The first step to receive early intervention services, including physical therapy, is to request an evaluation. Learn more about the evaluation process and how to get started.